Sha Gojô

Sha Gojō (沙悟凈 Sha Gojō) is the Japanese name of the Journey to the West character Sha Wujing. It can also refer to the Saiyuki character Sha Gojyo, who is based on Sha Wujing.

Sha Wujing

Sha Wujing (沙悟凈 WG: Sha Wu-ching) is one of the three helpers of Xuanzang in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. In the novels, his background is the least developed of the pilgrims. Like Zhu Bajie, Wujing was originally a general in Heaven. Once, he became very furious and destroyed a valuable vase. Other sources mention that he did this unintentionally. Nevertheless, he was punished by the Jade Emperor, who had him stroked 800 times with a rod and exiled to earth, where he was to be reincarnated as a terrible man-eating Sand Demon. There he lived in a river with sandy waters. Every seven days a sword would be sent from heaven to stab him 100 times in the chest before flying off. Sha Wujing's appearance was rather grisly; he had a red beard and his head was partially bald; a necklace consisting of skulls made him even more terrible. Still, he used the weapon he had in heaven, namely a staff with blades (one crescent-shaped, the other like that of a shovel) on either end. There is an interesting story about the necklace of skulls. An earlier group of nine monks on a pilgrimage West to fetch the scriptures met their end at the hands of Wujing. Despite their pleas for mercy, he devoured them, sucked the marrow from their bones, and threw their skulls into the river. However, unlike his other victims who found their way to the river bottom, the skulls of the monks floated. This fascinated and delighted Wujing, who strung them on a rope and played with them whenever he was bored. Later, Guanyin, the bodhisattva of compassion, and her disciple Prince Moksa came searching for powerful bodyguards in preparation of Sanzang's journey west. She recruited Wujing in exchange for some relief from his suffering. She then converted him and gave him his current name, Sha Wujing. His surname "Sha" means "Sand", while his Buddhist name Wujing means "Awakened to Purity" or "Aware of Purity". Finally, he was instructed to wait for a monk who would call for him. When Wujing does meet Sanzang, the demon is mistaken for an enemy and attacked by Sun Wukong and Zhu Bajie. Guanyin was forced to intervene for the sake of the journey. After everything was cleared up, Sha Wujing became the third disciple of Sanzang. Now, he was clad in a Buddhist pilgrim's robe and his skull-necklace was turned into a monk's one. His appearance also changed; from now on he looked more like a human, yet still ugly. During the Journey to the West, his swimming ability was quite useful. Sha Wujing was actually a kind-hearted and obedient person and was very loyal to his master, among the three he was likely the most polite and the most logical. At the journey's end, Lord Buddha transformed him into an arhat or luohan. As the third disciple, even though his fighting skills are not as great as that of Wukong or Bajie, he is still a great warrior protecting Sanzang and can incorporate a little brain to beat the enemy rather than by pure brute strength. He knows 18 transformations.

Sha Wujing in Other Media

Sha Wujing had a Mortal Kombat character who much like him is a drunkard and is obese (in most of the incarnations). The character's name is Bo' Rai Cho. In Japan he was seen as a kappa, another fearsome kind of water demon. Category:Fictional religious workers Category:Characters in written fiction ja:沙悟浄

Sha Gojyo (Saiyuki)

Sha Gojyo (沙悟凈 Sha Gojō) in a character in the manga and anime Saiyuki. He is the half-yokai companion of the Sanzo-ikkou (Genjyo Sanzo's party), armed with a summoned, dual-bladed shakujou (also called jakujou). Its crescent blade is attached to a chain and he can control it for a mortally accurate long-distance attack. Gojyo is the product of a yōkai father and a human mother. His unusual genetic heritage resulted in crimson eyes and crimson hair, and earned him the label 'child of taboo' (kinki no ko). For a short part of his childhood, he lived with his stepmother and half-brother, Jien (Dokugakuji). Gojyo tried his best to win his stepmother's love, but was unsuccessful in all attempts as his hair and eyes were a constant reminder of her husband's infidelity. Finally, when he was 12, Gojyo's stepmother tried to kill him. During that same incident she caused the two wounds that scarred Gojyo's left cheek. He was saved by Jien, and both brothers went separate ways and left home. Several years later, the 19-year-old Gojyo was walking home in the rain after a short gambling session and found a man face-down in the mud with his insides coming out -- Cho Hakkai (Zhu Bajie's Saiyuki counterpart). He took the man in, got a doctor and gave him a place to stay. Hakkai became a permanant fixture in Gojyo's life from then on, cooking and cleaning for Gojyo. Hakkai also saved him from an encounter with gangsters when he was trying to help out a friend. It was the first time Hakkai took off his limiters. Later, Gojyo encountered Genjyo Sanzo (Sanzang) and Son Goku (Sun Wukong) when they were looking for Hakkai, who had murdered a thousand youkai and half a human village, and somehow the four ended up as the motley group heading West to Tenjiku today. He still remains close friends with Hakkai, because they lived together for nearly two years. Enough so that Gojyo/Hakkai or Hakkai/Gojyo (58/85) remain two of the popular pairings in the fandom. Gojyo is an incurable playboy, cracking dirty jokes at Sanzo and hitting on virtually any pretty girl in sight. He doesn't seem to have run out of pick-up lines yet, but he hasn't made a single lasting hit in the ten-plus volumes of manga, three anime series and a movie. He also has incredible luck in gambling games, with only Hakkai able to consistently beat him at a game of poker. His favourite target for jokes and insults is Goku, with the two making the most noise in the jeep and often getting shot at by Sanzo for being irritating. He also smokes (his brand is Hi-Lites) and holds his liquor well. He gets touchy, however, when people talk about his hair and eyes. The symbol on his headband in the manga means 'pleasure.' Despite his rather irreverent attitude, Gojyo often takes on the big brother role. He genuniely cares for Goku, despite all of their picking on each other, and he even has a soft spot for Sanzo, as proven during the "Kami-sama arc" of the manga and the anime. Hakkai is easily his best friend, and the two are often found in each other's company. Sha Gojyo's Personal Information: Height: 6' (188 cm) Weight: 166 lbs Age: 22 Birthdate: November 9 (Scorpio) Blood Type: B Dexterity: Left handed

Early infanticidal childrearing

Early infanticidal childrearing is a psychohistorical model developed by Lloyd deMause within the framework of psychohistory which purports that childrearing in the Paleolithic Era and in contemporary pre-literate hunter-gatherer tribes can be summarized by three basic ideas:
- children are not considered human
- infants are useful to parents as erotic objects
- children aren't considered useful to any adult in any other way This particular model is a psychological concept that attempts to explain anthropological data, especially from such societies as the Yolngu of Australia, the Gimi, Wogeo, Sambia (tribe), Bena Bena, and Bimin-Kuskusmin of Papua New Guinea, the Raum, the Ok and the Kwanga, based on observations by Geza Roheim, Lia Leibowitz, Robert C. Suggs, Milton Diamond, Herman Heinrich Ploss, Gilbert Herdt, Robert J. Stoller, L. L. Langness, and Fitz John Porter Poole, among others. While anthropologists and psychohistorians generally do not dispute the data of their particular research, they dispute its significance (both in terms of importance and in terms of meaning) and its interpretation. In brief, supporters are attempting to explain cultural history from a psycho-developmental point of view, and argue that cultural change can be assessed as "advancement" or "regression" based on the psychological consequences of various cultural practices. While most anthropologists reject this approach, and most theories of cultural evolution, as ethnocentric, the psychohistorians in their turn proclaim the independence of psychohistory and summarily reject the opinions of anthropologists. This model makes two central claims: first, that the attention paid by parents of contemporary primitive tribes to their children, such as sucking, fondling and masturbating, is sexual according to an objective standard (critics claim that this standard is culture-bound and Western); second, that this sexual attention is inordinate, according to an objective standard (critics claim that this standard is culture-bound and Western). This model is also based on a reported lack of non-sexual attention paid by infanticidal parents, such as mutual gazes between parent and child, observed by Robert B. Edgerton, Maria Lepowsky, Bruce Knauft, John W. M. Whiting and Margaret Mead among others. Such mutual gazing is widely recognized in developmental psychology as crucial for proper bonding between mother and child, the failure of which invariably results in absent empathy, a characteristic most notable in psychopathy. Other examples of absent non-sexual attention include keeping infants away from open fires, preventing children from playing with knives, and stopping newborns from crawling into the sea. The model also explains many other well-documented facts, such as the large jump in the mortality rate of Papua New Guinean children after they reach the weaning stage. Proponents of the model claim that the consequences of infanticidal childrearing are many and devastating. Among them are recorded a high rate of insanity and suicide even among young children. Various scholars (notably Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson) have rejected this view of non-Western societies. Anthropologists generally argue that everywhere parents must negotiate between nurturing and loving their children on the one hand, and disciplining and socializing them on the other. They further argue that what constitutes "love," "sex," appropriate sexual behavior, and appropriate behavior in general, is culture-bound (and that much of what counts as average or even ideal childrearing practices in industrialized societies would be inappropriate in non-industrialized societies, and might be considered abusive by people of other cultures). They suggest that documented increases in infant mortality, mental illness, and suicide are more likely consequences of stresses brought on by Western conquest or colonization. Finally, most anthropologists do not consider non-industrial societies to necessarily be more primitive than industrial ones and find the assertion of the model that all societies of the same technological level have the same childrearing practices to be suspect and unsupported by fact. They argue that most models of cultural evolution (including many devised by anthropologists) are not so much scientific theories as myths of colonialism used to justify the denial of human rights to non-Western peoples. In return, Lloyd deMause and his followers accuse most anthropologists and ethnologists of counter-transference and of being apologists for incest, infanticide, cannibalism and child sacrifice. They claim that what constitutes child abuse is a matter of objective fact and that some of the practices which mainstream anthropologists apologize for, such as beatings of newborn infants, result in brain lesions and other visible neurological damage. Other practices may result in psychosis, dissociation and magical thinking. They also claim that the extreme cultural relativism proposed by many anthropologists is contrary to the letter and spirit of human rights. Category:Infanticide

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Sha Gojô

Sha Wujing

Sha Wujing in Other Media

Sha Gojyo (Saiyuki)

See also

Early infanticidal childrearing