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| Thomson, Minnesota |
Thomson, MinnesotaThomson esas urbo en Carlton Komtio, Minnesota. Segun la 2000 kontado, la tota populo di la urbo esis 153.
Geografio
2000
Segun la Usana Kontado Ministerio, la urbo havas tota areo di 5.7 km² (2.2 mi²). 4.9 km² (1.9 mi²) di qua esas lando e 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²) di qua esas aquo. La tota areo esas 15.32% aquo.
Demografio
Segun la kontado di 2000 esas 153 homi, 64 hemanari, e 44 familii qui rezidas en la urbo. La lojanto-denseso esas 31.4/km² (81.3/mi²). Esas 67 domi kun mezala denseso di 13.8/km² (35.6/mi²). La rasi en la urbo inkludas 97.39% Blanka, 0.00% Nigra o Afrika-usana, 0.65% Indijena amerikana, 0.00% Aziana, 0.00% Pacifika Insulana, 0.00% de altra rasi, e 1.96% de du o plu rasi. 0.00% de la populo esas Hispana o Latina de irga raso.
Esas 64 heminari di qua 25.0% havas pueri sub la evo di 18 en la domo, 62.5% esas mariajita e habitas kune, 6.3% havas homina domo-maestro sen spozulo, e 29.7% esas ne-familii. 26.6% de omna hemanari facesas ek individui e 10.9% havas ulu qua habitas sole qua evas 65 yari o plu evoza. La mezala grandeso di hemanari esas 2.39 e la mezala grandeso di familii esas 2.89.
La nombro di lojanti e sia evi esas: 18.3% sub la evo di 18, 9.2% de 18 til 24, 28.1% de 25 til 44, 31.4% de 45 til 64, e 13.1% qui evas 65 yari o plus. La mezala evo esas 41 yari. Po 100 homini esas 109.6 homuli. Po 100 homini 18 yari o plus, esas 123.2 homuli.
La mezala revenuo di hemanaro en la urbo esas $48,438, e la mezala revenuo por familio esas $65,833. Homuli havas mezala revenuo di $48,750 kontre $31,250 por homini. La revenuo per capita por la urbo esas $24,290. 5.7% de la populo e 4.8% de familii esas sub la povreso-lineo. Ek la tota populo, 0.0% di qui sub la evo di 18 e 22.2% de ti qui evas 65 o plus habitas sub la povreso-lineo .
Category:Carlton Komtio, Minnesota
Category:Urbi en Minnesota
20001999 <--> 2001 / 20ma yar-cento
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Eventi
- 3 di januaro – En cielo videsas multa centi stelo-flugi kande aerolito-grupo kolizionas Teral atmosfero.
- 7 di aprilo – Mars Odyssey sendesas aden kosmo.
- 12 di oktobro – Centesma flugo per kosmo-plano Discovery.
- "Y2K" ne efektigis katastrofi predicita.
- 1 di decembro – En London la kontesto dil Belino dil Mondo. Priyanka Chopra selektesas.
- 1 di januaro – En Suedia l'eklezio e la stato separesas.
- 4 di januaro – En Norvegia, Åsta, du treni kolizionas. Ol esas maxim severa treno-acidento en historio di Norvegia: 19 mortas e 68 lezas su.
- 14 di januaro – La tribunalo di UN judicias kin Bosniana Kroati por 25 yari en karcero pro mortigo di cent Muslimani ye 1993.
- 6 di februaro – En Finlando Tarja Halonen elektesas prezidanto.
- 26 di marto – En Rusia Vladimir Putin elektesas prezidanto.
- 25 di julio – En Paris "Concorde" falas pos levo. 109 homi mortas en l'aeroplano e 5 sur lando.
- 12 di agosto – Submara batelo "Kursk" Rusa sinkas en Barentz-maro.
- septembro – En Yugoslavia prezidental elekto, ma Slobodan Milosevic ne agnoskas la rezultajo.
- 5 di oktobro – Demonstro en Belgrad efektigos, ke la prezidanto Slobodan Milosevic rezignos. Vojislav Kostunica sucedos.
- 1 di novembro – Serbia e Montenegro agnoskesas membro dil Unioninta Nacioni.
- 11 di novembro – En Austria, Kaprun, 155 deklineri mortas dum fairo en tunelo di acensilo.
- 3 di aprilo – Microsoft esas judiciita kulpinto a misuzo di monopolala stando.
- 2 di julio – En Mexikia Vicente Fox vinkas prezidental elekto kom kandidato di opozo. (Antee kandidato di opozo elektesis ye 1911.)
- 7 di novembro – En Usa ne-klareso dum prezidental elekto. Fine George W. Bush vinkas en vice-prezidanto Al Gore quankam ganis plu min voti.
- 27 di novembro – En Kanada Jean Chrétien elektesas kom chefministro.
- 17 di novembro – La parlamento di Peru rezignigas prezidanto Alberto Fujimori pro korupto-suspekto. Ilu fugabis a Japonia.
- 18 di marto – En Taiwan elektesas Chen Shui-bian kom prezidanto.
- 1 di aprilo – En Japonia prima ministro Obuchi Keizo havas paroxismo e falas en komato.
- 5 di aprilo – Mori Yoshiro divenas prima ministro di Japonia.
- 25 di mayo – Israel retretas ek Libano pos 22-yara okupo.
- 28 di septembro – Opozistaro-chefo Ariel Sharon vizitas la Templo-monto en Jerusalem kun armizita gardistaro. Lo efektigos la revolto dil al-Aksa.
- 12 di oktobro – En Yemen, Aden, Usana navo militala destruktas, kande batelo kun explozivi kolizionas ol. 17 soldati mortas e 39 lezas su.
- 16 di novembro – Bill Clinton vizitas Vietnam kom unesma prezidanto di Usa.
- 30 di decembro – En Filipini, Manila, explozo-serio mortigas 22 homi.
- 15 di septembro – En Australia, Sydney, komencas 27ma Olimpiala Kontesti.
Naski
Morti
- 19 di januaro – Bettino Craxi, prima ministro di Italia de 1983 til 1987.
- 11 di februaro – Roger Vadim, direktisto (ex-spozo di Brigitte Bardot e Jane Fonda).
- 12 di februaro – Charles M. Schultz, desegnisto di "Peanuts".
- 6 di aprilo – Habib Bourguiba, prezidanto di Tunisia 1957–1997.
- 14 di mayo – Obuchi Keizo, prima ministro di Japonia.
- 19 di mayo – Yevgeni Hrunov, kosmonauto.
- 20 di mayo – Jean Pierre Rampal, Franca flutisto.
- 21 di mayo – Dame Barbara Cartland, autoro.
- 10 di junio – Hafez al-Assad, prezidanto di Siria 1971–2000.
- 1 di julio – Walter Matthau, Usan aktoro.
- 5 di agosto – Sir Alec Guinnes, Britana aktoro (exemple en La Ponto di Kwai-rivero).
- 25 di agosto – Carl Barks, desegnisto di "Donald Duck".
- 16 di septembro – Georgi Gongadze, Ukrainiana jurnalisto, mortigita.
- 20 di septembro – German Titov, kosmonauto.
- 25 di septembro – R. S. Thomas, Walsana poeto.
- 28 di septembro – Pierre Trudeau, prima ministro di Kanada 1968–1979 e 1980–1984.
- 11 di oktobro – Donald Dewar, Skota politikisto.
- 27 di oktobro – Walter Berry, Austriana baso-baritono.
- 20 di novembro – Kalle Päätalo, Finlandana autoro.
- 22 di novembro – Emil Zátopek, Cheka sportisto.
- 6 di decembro – Werner Klemperer, aktoro.
- 11 di decembro – Johannes Virolainen, Finlandana politikisto, ex-ministro.
- 23 di decembro – Victor Borge, pianisto e humoristo.
- 25 di decembro – W. V. Quine, filosozo, logikisto.
- 31 di decembro – Rabio Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane, Juda chefo di nov-lojanti.
Category:2000a yari
als:2000
ja:2000年
ko:2000년
ms:2000
simple:2000
th:พ.ศ. 2543
zh-min-nan:2000 nî
Category:Urbi en MinnesotaCategory:Minnesota Battle of the WinwaedThe Battle of the Winwaed was fought on November 15, 655 (or perhaps in 654, according to one interpretation of the chronology), between King Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia, ending in the Mercians' defeat and Penda's death.
History
Although said to be the most important battle between the northern and southern divisions of the Anglo-Saxons in early Britain, few details are available. For instance, the two armies met on the banks of a river named the Winwaed, but this river has never been identified. Possibly it was a tributary of the Humber. There is good reason to believe it may have been the river now known as Cock Beck in the ancient kingdom of Elmet, which winds its way through Pendas Fields, Leeds, before joining the River Wharfe (which eventually feeds into the Humber).
The roots of the battle lay in Penda's success in dominating England through a number of military victories, most significantly over the previously dominant Northumbrians. In alliance with Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd he had defeated and killed Edwin of Northumbria at Hatfield Chase in 633, and subsequently he defeated and killed Oswald of Northumbria at the Battle of Maserfield in 642. Maserfield effectively marked the overthrow of Northumbrian supremacy, and in the years that followed the Mercians apparently campaigned into Bernicia, besieging Bamburgh at one point; the Northumbrian sub-kingdom of Deira supported Penda during his 655 invasion.
The Battle
Penda, after gathering allies from East Anglia and Wales, marched with a force "thirty legions strong". Oswiu, who was Oswald's brother but had only succeeded him in Bernicia, the northern part of Northumbria, was besieged by them at a place called Iudeu (identified with Stirling) in the north of his kingdom by Penda. Apparently Oswiu was desperate enough to offer a great deal of treasure to Penda in exchange for peace. Although the sources are unclear, it is likely that some sort of agreement was reached at Iudeu: although Bede says that Oswiu's offers of treasure were rejected by Penda, who Bede says was determined to destroy Oswiu's people "from the highest to the lowest", he does mention that Oswiu's young son Ecgfrith was being held hostage by the Mercians, perhaps as part of a deal. The Historia Brittonum contradicts Bede regarding the treasure, saying that Penda distributed it among his British allies, which would presumably mean that he accepted it. The recorded events may be interpreted to mean that Penda and his army then began marching home, but for some reason the two armies met and fought at a place called the River Winwaed, which may be identified with the Went—this could mean that Oswiu pursued the Mercians and their allies and took advantage of a vulnerability on Penda's part; Breeze (2004) argues that Penda and his army were in a difficult strategic location along the Went during their withdrawal, giving Oswiu a good opportunity to attack. It is almost certain that the Northumbrians were considerably outnumbered by the Mercians and their allies. According to Bede, before the battle Oswiu prayed to God and promised to make his daughter a nun and grant twelve estates for the construction of monasteries if he was victorious.
Penda's army was apparently weakened by desertions. According to the Historia Brittonum, Penda's ally Cadafael ap Cynfeddw of Gwynedd (thereafter remembered as "Cadomedd" (="battle-shirker") abandoned him, along with his army, and Bede says that Aethelwald of Deira withdrew from the battle to await the outcome from a place of safety. Penda was soundly defeated, and both he and the East Anglian king Aethelhere were killed. The battle was fought by the river in the midst of heavy rains, and Bede says that "many more were drowned in the flight than destroyed by the sword". Bede mentions that Penda's head was cut off. Writing in the 12th century, Henry of Huntingdon emphasized that Penda, in dying violently on the battlefield, was suffering the same fate he had inflicted on others during his aggressive reign.
Aftermath
The battle had a substantial effect on the relative positions of Northumbria and Mercia. Mercia's position of dominance, established after the battle of Maserfield, was destroyed, and Northumbrian dominance was restored; Mercia itself was divided, with the northern part being taken by Oswiu outright and the southern part going to Penda's Christian son Peada, who had married into the Bernician royal line (although Peada survived only until his murder in 656). Northumbrian authority over Mercia was overthrown within a few years, however.
Significantly, the battle marked the effective demise of Anglo-Saxon paganism. Penda had continued in his paganism despite the widespread conversions of Anglo-Saxon monarchs to Christianity, and a number of Christian kings had suffered martyrdom in defeat against him; after Penda's death, Mercia was converted, and all the kings who ruled thereafter (including Penda's sons Peada, Wulfhere and Aethelred) were Christian.
External links
- [http://www.winwaed.com/history/winwaed/bede.shtml Bede's account of the battle]
Further reading
- Andrew Breeze, "The Battle of the Uinued and the River Went, Yorkshire", in Northern History, Vol. 41, Issue 2, September 2004, pages 377–83.
Category:655
Winwaed 655
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